Modelling of Burnt Pine Heartwood Acid-Catalysed Liquefaction

This study focused on bio-oil production by thermochemical liquefaction. For the reaction, burnt pine heartwood was used as feedstock material, 2-Ethylhexanol (2-EHEX) a solvent, p-Toluenesulfonic acid (pTSA) catalyst, and solvent for washing acetone. The procedure consisted of moderate-acid-catalysed liquefaction process, it applied at three different temperatures, 120, 140, 160 °C, 30, 105, 180 min periods with 1%, 5.5%, 10% (m/m) catalyst concentration overall mass. Optimal results showed yield 86.03% higher heating value (HHV) 36.41 MJ/kg, which 1.96 times more than HHV heartwood. A reaction surface methodology (Box–Behnken design) performed optimisation. Reaction temperature, time were chosen independent variables. obtained model good high adjusted R-squared (0.988) an excellent p-value (less 0.001). liquefied products characterised Fourier Transformed Infrared (FTIR) thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), also Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) carried out to validate impact morphological changes area solid samples. shows opportunity method upcycle woody wastes via acid-catalysed In particular, this approach is great interest produce yield, recovering part values lost during wildfires.